**The monitoring of forestry projects after they have been implemented is fundamental and a cornerstone of our action. Reforest'Action has a rigorous monitoring process, adapted to geographical zones and project types. In France and Europe, remote monitoring is complemented by a field audit carried out by Reforest'Action project managers at least once during the first five years following project implementation. Analysis of the data generated by this monitoring process is used to formulate management recommendations and apply corrective measures as part of a continuous improvement process. Here are the results of the monitoring campaign carried out between April and November 2023 on a panel of projects located in Europe.**

![Saint-Angel-2.jpg](/uploads/Saint_Angel_2_6e5de276b1.jpg)
 
## Monitor projects remotely to assess their health
### What is the remote project monitoring protocol?

Remote monitoring is based on information transmitted by the project implementers (forest owners or managers) via a digital data collection tool and, where applicable, by telephone. Reforest'Action project managers then analyze the data, which includes tree survival rates, plot health, potential damage, the presence of biodiversity-friendly elements, and actions taken by the plot owner or manager to ensure the success of the project.

This remote monitoring enables us to check the general condition of the projects and the proper development of the stands, to enrich Reforest'Action's knowledge of each project and to prepare for future field visits. 
 
### What are the results of remote monitoring in 2023?
 
#### Evaluating the survival rate

In 2023, 294 data forms from projects in France and the rest of Europe were received and processed by Reforest'Action as part of the distant monitoring campaign in 2023. These forms submitted by the project implementers reported an average survival rate of 79.84%. This rate measures the number of healthy trees in relation to the total number of trees planted as part of a project. In total, by 2023, 71% of remotely monitored projects across Europe will have a very good survival rate, of 80% or more.  
 
#### Game and drought, two frequent causes of damage

The most common types of damage to young forests are those inflicted by game, which affected almost half of the projects monitored in Europe in 2023, but also those linked to climate. Drought episodes, characterized by prolonged rainfall deficits and increasingly frequent in a context of global warming, had an impact on 60.2% of projects monitored remotely across Europe in 2023. Despite these frequent biotic and climatic hazards, only 3.74% of projects actually suffer from poor overall health according to the remote surveys, representing a cumulative total of 3,370.66 hectares, or around 4 million plants.
 
### What corrective measures will be put in place for projects that need them?

For projects with less satisfactory survival rates, corrective measures will be implemented in accordance with the contractual commitment of the project implementers. For example, replanting, which consists of renewing planting operations in areas where reforestation has failed, may be carried out to enable these projects to approach a survival rate of 80%.

From Reforest'Action's point of view, these projects will be monitored more closely in the coming year, to verify the improvement in stand health. In the rare case of a project subject to a major hazard, such as a fire or flood, Reforest'Action observes the evolution of the post-hazard ecosystem to decide on the best course of action. This is a long-term, case-by-case process. 

In addition, we recommend that, before planting, project implementers use the funding they receive not only to carry out planting operations, but also to properly prepare the plots and protect the young seedlings from the teeth of game. 

![Suivi-terrain_Maine-et-loire_2023_ReforestAction-20.jpg](/uploads/Suivi_terrain_Maine_et_loire_2023_Reforest_Action_20_e65576b8e3.jpg)
 
## Audit projects in the field to ensure their success
### How does Reforest'Action select the projects audited in the field?

Field monitoring is carried out by Reforest'Action project managers within the region for which they are responsible. Because there are so many projects to monitor (over 1,500 projects have been developed in France and Europe since 2010), field monitoring is prioritized before each annual campaign. The aim of this prioritization is to first target projects for which remote monitoring has revealed potential problems. It also aims to ensure that all projects will be monitored in the field at least once during the five years following a project's operational implementation. 
 
### What does involve a project monitoring in the field?

In order to carry out field monitoring, sampling is first carried out within the plot concerned, in order to determine sub-plots that are considered representative of the plot's general condition: some sub-plots are thus established within a dense vegetation zone, others within a zone with a low survival rate, and still others according to the plot's specific topographical conditions (altitude, slope level, rocky or wet environment...). This stratification process, which can be carried out by remote sensing, enables us to set up an operational monitoring system that reflects the reality of the project as objectively as possible. 

Within these plots, a manual count is then carried out by the Reforest'Action project manager, who records the number of living and dead trees, the species observed and the potential presence of natural regeneration. Each type of project (forestry or agroforestry projects, urban micro-forestry projects, Assisted Natural Regeneration projects or Low-Carbon label projects) has its own monitoring protocol defined by Reforest'Action.  
 
![Suivi-terrain_Maine-et-loire_2023_ReforestAction-08.jpg](/uploads/Suivi_terrain_Maine_et_loire_2023_Reforest_Action_08_2c38dd64d5.jpg)

### What are the results of field monitoring in 2023?
 
In 2023, field audits took place from April to November. For all 204 projects visited by Reforest'Action in Europe during this period, the average recovery rate was 88.43%.
 
#### 90% of projects validated

Of these 204 projects, 182 (or almost 90% of the projects audited) have been validated by Reforest'Action, i.e. the project manager has assessed that the future of the ecosystem is assured given its evolution. This validation takes into account the project's survival rate, which must be greater than 80% of the total density, including natural regeneration. 

Among the validated projects, the one in Hardelot, Pas-de-Calais, was visited by Laetitia Bernard, Reforest'Action's East of France project manager. _“This project was carried out between 2017 and 2018 to restore a forest affected by ash chalarosis, a parasitic disease that causes the trees it affects to die back,”_ explains Laetitia. _“During our field audit in 2023, we noted an excellent recovery of the planted trees, close to 90%, despite the regular droughts that have affected the department since 2017. Composed of beech, small-leaf lime and hornbeam, the young forest restored thanks to the project is now enriched by clumps of black alder, naturally regenerated and preserved by the forest manager to further accentuate the diversity of the stand. Hardelot is a fine example of a successful project, validated by Reforest'Action's field monitoring."_
 
#### 10% of projects to be corrected

For the remaining 22 projects, considered as “to be corrected”, Reforest'Action formulated written or oral recommendations to forest owners, proposing corrective actions to be implemented or pursued in order to ensure the health and sustainability of the forest ecosystem. 

_“This is the case, for example, of the La Tour-de-Sçay project in the Doubs region of France"_, continues Laetitia Bernard. _“The initial work, carried out in 2019, was aimed at reforesting a plot formerly populated by spruce trees affected by the bark beetle, a wood-eating insect. The species initially chosen were Douglas fir, field maple and walnut. But the Douglas fir seedlings didn't take well. They were replaced by cedars in 2020. When we followed up in the field in 2023, the recovery rate of the cedars was very good. On the other hand, we noted the failure of the maple and walnut plantations, despite two attempts at replanting. We therefore decided, in agreement with the forest manager, to support the natural regeneration of beech, fir and oak trees observed on the plot, and to supplement it with new cedar seedlings, which are particularly well adapted to the site. This evolutionary management of the project will optimize the health and stability of the forest ecosystem."_
 
### A central observation: the need to adapt forests to climate change

In the field, the same trend was observed as in the distant follow-up with regard to the most frequently observed damage: 44.6% of the projects audited in 2023 were affected by biotic hazards, particularly game, and 32% by climatic damage, mainly linked to drought. 

_“These field audits confirm the need to adapt tomorrow's forests to climate change, and to rely on species that are already present and more resistant via the Assisted Natural Regeneration method"_, says Thibaud Poulain, Head of Reforest'Action's Temperate Forests Division. _“The diversification of tree species, in particular, is key to increasing the stability and resilience of ecosystems in the face of future hazards. The selection of different tree species in the design of projects is therefore one of the pillars of Reforest'Action's specifications."_

![Suivi_terrain_Saint-Christol-1_Reforestaction-25.jpg](/uploads/Suivi_terrain_Saint_Christol_1_Reforestaction_25_3f1f11c124.jpg)

## Ecocert Environnement certification

In addition to Reforest'Action's remote and field monitoring protocol, a partnership with Ecocert Environnement was set up in 2020 to have our projects verified by an independent third party. Ecocert Environnement is an auditor specializing in the certification and control of environmental projects, and verifies a series of criteria based on a sampling protocol for projects financed by Reforest'Action. 

In particular, Ecocert Environnement check the name and location of the forestry project, the year the work was carried out, the species planted or regenerated, the health of the plot, the survival rate observed, as well as the reality of the financing raised by Reforest'Action and compliance with the general terms and conditions of sale. 

At each audit visit, Ecocert Environnement's conclusions are backed up by corrective measures that enable us to pursue our continuous improvement approach. In 2023, a panel of 17 projects was audited by Ecocert Environnement, of which 16 were validated and 1 remains to be corrected.

Ecocert Environnement also carries out an administrative review of projects and their management, which includes checking forest owners' commitments, invoices for plant purchases and certificates of origin.
 
![Suivi_terrain_Saint-Jean-Chambre_Reforestaction-05.jpg](/uploads/Suivi_terrain_Saint_Jean_Chambre_Reforestaction_05_33a2f1dc67.jpg)

**In a context of climate change and increased risk of hazards inherent in natural ecosystems, we make it a priority to monitor the projects we develop. This operational monitoring phase aims to verify the success of projects over the five years following their implementation. An impact measurement process will then be deployed on certain projects from the sixth year onwards, to assess the health and stability of the ecosystem and measure the impacts generated by the project on the climate, biodiversity, the soil-water system and the socio-economic sphere. Measuring all these impacts will enable us to observe the multifunctionality of ecosystems, and check their resistance and renewal in the face of disturbance. This will make it easier to support projects over the long term, by implementing a management approach that is increasingly adapted to their evolution.**

large_Suivi_terrain_Saint-Jean-Chambre_Reforestaction-08.jpg

medium_Suivi_terrain_Saint-Jean-Chambre_Reforestaction-08.jpg

small_Suivi_terrain_Saint-Jean-Chambre_Reforestaction-08.jpg

thumbnail_Suivi_terrain_Saint-Jean-Chambre_Reforestaction-08.jpg

Suivi_terrain_Saint-Jean-Chambre_Reforestaction-08.jpg

Projects monitoring in Europe: a rigorous process for assessing the health of restored ecosystems

**While a quarter of all known plant and animal species are now endangered, initiatives continue to develop to help preserve them. Among these, The Global Biodiversity Standard (TGBS) is the only international standard to recognize and encourage the protection, restoration and enhancement of biodiversity. As part of the TGBS technical and scientific network, Reforest'Action contributes its expertise in forest ecosystem restoration and impact measurement to develop remote sensing monitoring tools, particularly for assessing plant biodiversity.**
 
![Global-Biodiversity-Standard-0.jpg](/uploads/Global_Biodiversity_Standard_0_2bb73c5ee0.jpg)

## Global biodiversity under threat
 
With a quarter of known plant and animal species now on the brink of extinction, biodiversity loss is one of the top five global risks to society over the next ten years, according to the World Economic Forum's Global Risk Report 2023. Synonymous with biological diversity, biodiversity encompasses the taxonomic, functional and structural diversity of living species. Through the ecological services it provides, biodiversity is essential to maintaining the integrity and resilience of ecosystems. 

Among the main indicators of global biodiversity loss, the decline in the extent of forests underlines their essential role as reservoirs of terrestrial biodiversity when they were the native ecosystem in place. They are home to over 80% of the planet's known terrestrial species. In this respect, a better understanding and preservation of forest biodiversity is essential to help halt the onset of the sixth mass extinction.
 
![Global-Biodiversity-Standard-1.jpg](/uploads/Global_Biodiversity_Standard_1_4d330f21cc.jpg)

## The creation of an international standard dedicated to biodiversity
 
### The ambition of the Global Biodiversity Standard

Introduced in 2022, [The Global Biodiversity Standard](https://www.biodiversitystandard.org/) (TGBS) is the only international standard to recognize and encourage the protection, restoration and enhancement of biodiversity. Against a backdrop of increasing numbers of forest creation and restoration projects, this standard aims to develop best practices for creating positive impacts on biodiversity, notably by diversifying tree communities and integrating native species into project design. In the long term, The Global Biodiversity Standard hopes to place biodiversity at the heart of all initiatives that help combat climate change and develop the livelihoods of local communities.
 
### Towards the certification of projects based on the restoration and protection of biodiversity

Based on an international scientific and technical network that includes IUCN & Botanic Garden Conservation International, CIFOR-ICRAF, Royal Botanic Gardens (Kew), Society for Ecological Restoration and Reforest'Action, The Global Biodiversity Standard is currently testing its certification method in real-life conditions, in collaboration with botanical gardens in India, Kenya, Peru, Brazil, Madagascar, Uganda, Malaysia, Jordan and Hong Kong. 

Projects submitted for The Global Biodiversity Standard certification will be assessed against criteria derived from the “10 Golden Rules for Reforestation”. This scientific paper, promulgated by Royal Botanic Gardens (Kew) and Botanic Garden Conservation International, provides guidance on how to ensure that reforestation projects promote biodiversity restoration, carbon sequestration and the creation of socio-economic benefits for local communities. 

Projects certified by The Global Biodiversity Standard must:
- Select appropriate sites to enhance native biodiversity.
- Enhance protection of existing habitats and biodiversity.
- Protect, restore and manage biodiversity in consultation and partnership with local communities and other stakeholders.
- Aim to maximise biodiversity recovery through ecosystem restoration.
- Avoid and reduce invasive or potentially invasive species.
- Prioritise the use of native, threatened and rare species.
- Promote biodiversity and adaptive capacity.
- Implement robust monitoring, evaluation, and adaptive management of biodiversity.
 
 ![Global-Biodiversity-Standard-2.jpg](/uploads/Global_Biodiversity_Standard_2_0ed75a2841.jpg)
 
## Reforest'Action's role in The Global Biodiversity Standard
 
### The contribution to remote sensing of forest biodiversity assessment

As part of The Global Biodiversity Standard's technical and scientific network, Reforest'Action brings its expertise in forest ecosystem restoration and impact measurement to the development of remote sensing monitoring tools. Reforest'Action offers The Global Biodiversity Standard a catalog of tools dedicated to remote sensing measurements. These measurements are carried out both upstream of project implementation, and downstream, as part of project monitoring. 

While tree species diversity has traditionally been assessed through field studies using samples from selected plots, this process is time-consuming and costly for large-scale analysis. Today, remote sensing provides new ways of monitoring vegetation biodiversity, offering the possibility of generating data sets to track environmental changes over the long term. This remote monitoring makes it possible to detect changes taking place within the forest cover, and thus to refine field sampling, in order to prioritize studies within areas that appear to be experiencing more or less positive evolution than others. As a complement to remote sensing, field monitoring remains essential for its accuracy, its ability to validate remote monitoring data and to calibrate the latter by providing real data to refine analyses.
 
### A tool for mapping tree species diversity in canopies

Among the catalog of tools offered by Reforest'Action to The Global Biodiversity Standard, Reforest'Action's Impact Department is collaborating directly with the standard to develop a tool dedicated to mapping the diversity of tree species within canopies. Based on a concept developed by J.-B. Féret and G. P. Asner (2014) and powered by images from Sentinel-2, a satellite in the European Space Agency's Copernicus program, the methodology and tool, re-appropriated by Reforest'Action, enables analysis of the spatial distribution of spectral species, those vegetation zones that include one or more plant species with a similar spectral signature. 

In other words, the tool can be used to assess the diversity of species within a given plot by grouping them into categories known as “spectral species”, based on their physical and biochemical properties (physiological state, water and pigment content, etc.). “Initially, we were looking for a way to measure spatial (within a project area) and temporal (over time) changes in forest stand diversity using remote sensing, in order to better guide sampling during field surveys,” explains Richard Sourbès, Reforest'Action's impact manager. “Based on the method developed by J.-B. Féret and G. P. Asner, we have developed our own tool with innovations that enable us to further refine our remote and field monitoring. While this tool has been used so far mainly in the field of research, Reforest'Action is now applying it for the first time to the operational monitoring of forest restoration projects. This innovative approach is in line with the more general use of remote sensing in the development of our forestry projects - from the design phase through to monitoring.”
 
### A field mission led by Reforest'Action to refine the tool and methodology

During a mission carried out in February 2024 as part of an international workshop organized by The Global Biodiversity Standard, a team from Reforest'Action's Impact Unit travelled to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest to compare estimated remote sensing data with data collected in the field, particularly in terms of tree species diversity in the canopy. “The aim of this mission was to compare the estimate given by satellite imagery with observation in the field, in order to verify their correlation and refine our methodology and tool”, continues Richard Sourbès. “In concrete terms, our experiments in some twenty forest and agroforestry plots demonstrated a strong relationship between the distribution of spectral tree species and that of tree species actually observed in the field.” 

This field mission showed encouraging results in terms of the relevance of monitoring spectral species as a proxy for plant diversity in the canopy. The increasing number of projects monitored using this method will enable us to improve its accuracy in the future, by adapting it to the different stages of maturity and types of forest studied by Reforest'Action. 

Ultimately, this tool should enable us to better control the evolution of our remote sensing projects, so as to optimize our field monitoring missions. It also aims to provide a better understanding of the factors influencing plant diversity and its evolution over time, so as to be able to propose corrective measures as soon as a negative evolution is detected (for example, the presence of an invasive species). Ultimately, this tool will strengthen the adaptive management of our projects and ensure the long-term survival of forest ecosystems.  

![Global-Biodiversity-Standard-4.jpg](/uploads/Global_Biodiversity_Standard_4_e23d45b127.jpg)

_To find out more about the spectral species method developed by Reforest'Action, read our dedicated article: “[Spectral species: an innovative method for studying plant biodiversity from space](https://www.reforestaction.com/en/magazine/spectral-species-monitoring-plant-biodiversity-from-space)”._


large_Global-Biodiversity-Standard-0.jpg

medium_Global-Biodiversity-Standard-0.jpg

small_Global-Biodiversity-Standard-0.jpg

thumbnail_Global-Biodiversity-Standard-0.jpg

Global-Biodiversity-Standard-0.jpg

Monitoring biodiversity to better preserve it: Reforest'Action's expertise at the service of The Global Biodiversity Standard

**To improve the monitoring of forest restoration projects, remote sensing can provide complementary indicators and support field surveys. By making it possible to monitor canopy diversity, the spatial distribution of plant species and forest evolution over time, the spectral species method and its associated tools developed by Reforest'Action are invaluable in forest management and restoration projects. They aim to enable forest managers to evolve their practices in order to optimize species diversity, as well as the stability and resilience of the forest ecosystem as a whole.** 

![Spectral-Species-canopy.jpg](/uploads/Spectral_Species_canopy_39e93e4b05.jpg)
 
## Remote sensing applied to the monitoring of vegetation
 
### Analyzing terrestrial ecosystems from space

Space-based remote sensing enables us to observe terrestrial environments using remote data acquisition methods based on the properties of electromagnetic radiation. Satellite sensors can measure the amount of energy (reflectance) reflected or emitted by a surface as a function of the wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum, and analyze and monitor changes in the surface over time. The total reflectance recorded in each spectral band (blue, green, red, infrared, etc.) forms the object's “spectral signature”. Each surface thus has its own spectral signature, enabling it to be identified on satellite images.
 
### Defining the spectral signature of plant species

Remote sensing makes it possible to establish the spectral signature of plants by analyzing their optical properties in the visible, near-infrared and mid-infrared ranges. These properties depend in particular on the vegetation's cellular structure, as well as its water and pigment content. 
- **Cell structure.** The anatomical structure of leaves plays a significant role in the spectral signature of vegetation at longer wavelengths. Near-infrared radiation passes through the leaf to the cell layer, where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the processes of photosynthesis and respiration. In this layer, near-infrared radiation is strongly reflected. It therefore depends directly on leaf anatomy. 
- **Water content.** Leaf water content is also a factor influencing vegetation's spectral signature in the mid-infrared wavelengths. The higher the water content, the lower the reflectance of vegetation. In remote sensing, this wavelength range is used to identify water-stressed vegetation cover.
- **Leaf pigment content.** All plants contain green pigments (chlorophyll), orange pigments (carotenes) and blue-red pigments (anthocyanins). The presence of these leaf pigments (particularly chlorophyll, which is the most abundant) in plants is responsible for their high absorption of visible radiation.

These three elements vary according to season, plant species and life cycle. In other words, the spectral signature of vegetation is not constant. It reflects differences in the structure and characteristics of plant cover. 
 
![Spectral-species-canopy-from-ground.jpg](/uploads/Spectral_species_canopy_from_ground_72dbe3beac.jpg)

## The spectral species method

### From spectral signatures to spectral species: identifying the spatial distribution of plant species

At the scale of a forest plot, remote sensing can identify different spectral signatures, which can be distinguished and attributed to distinct plant species, grouped under categories known as “spectral species”. 

“Through opensource platforms, we have access to Copernicus satellite data, which is revisited every five days or so. We can download the current satellite view of a plot within one of our projects by entering its GPS coordinates,” explains Richard Sourbès, Impact Officer for Reforest'Action. “We then process this data using the Python programming language. On the satellite view, each pixel represents a surface that emits energy in 12 spectral bands. These reflectances in each spectral band are recovered by our software. They make up the spectral signature of the forest surface analyzed. We then try to classify each pixel into groups called spectral species according to the similarity of their signatures, and we thus obtain an estimate of the number of different species present in the canopy.”

This method provides a map of the spatial distribution of spectral species observed in the forest. The map takes the form of a satellite view of the plot, with each pixel color corresponding to a spectral species. 

![Spectral-species-map.jpg](/uploads/Spectral_species_map_ae538870db.jpg)
 
### From the spatial distribution of species to an index of their diversity: monitoring plant biodiversity

This first tool can then be used to calculate diversity indices, in particular the Shannon index. The Shannon index is the most commonly used diversity index in ecology. It is used to calculate species richness and distribution within a forest. In other words, the more numerous and evenly distributed the plant species, the higher the index. 

Reforest'Action uses the Shannon index to determine the specific diversity of spectral species, which is an indicator of the biological (taxonomic) diversity of canopy species. This plant diversity is represented in the form of a heat map, which locates, in warm color, spots of high plant diversity, and in cold color, spots of low plant diversity. It is then possible to follow the evolution of this biodiversity throughout the forest's growth. 

“In concrete terms, the forest stand is re-divided into cells of around 1000 m2, in which the abundance of each of the spectral species present is calculated”, explains Richard Sourbès. “In other words, the Shannon index is calculated by a simple change of scale: going from a 10x10 m pixel to a 33x33 m pixel, we obtain zones containing a greater or lesser diversity of spectral species, enabling us to identify the most diverse areas of the plot studied. Within a cell, the more numerous and evenly distributed the spectral species, the higher the Shannon index.  Conversely, a cell containing a single spectral species will have a Shannon index equal to zero, representing zero species diversity.” 

This mapping is particularly important: it enables field monitoring missions to be steered more effectively, in particular by targeting sampling zones adapted to the results of remote monitoring, and by enabling more precise management recommendations to be formulated. The tool also complements field surveys, which cannot be carried out on all forest stands, as they sometimes extend over dozens or even hundreds of hectares.

![Shannon-Index-Map.jpg](/uploads/Shannon_Index_Map_4dc16676fd.jpg)
 
## Valuable tools for monitoring restoration projects

By making it possible to monitor canopy diversity, the spatial distribution of plant species and forest evolution over time, the spectral species method and its associated tools (spectral species map, Shannon index) are invaluable in forest management and restoration projects. 

Because the data obtained is geo-referenced, it is particularly effective for locating potential invasive species that could threaten the stability of the forest ecosystem, or a lack of species diversity at stand level. They can be used to provide an initial diagnosis of canopy plant biodiversity on a forest scale, to better understand the ecological and environmental factors that favor or hinder plant biodiversity, to establish good practices that lead to high diversity, or to take corrective measures in the opposite case.  

Forest managers can use this data to develop their management practices to optimize species diversity, as well as the stability and resilience of the forest ecosystem as a whole. 

In the medium term, the aim is to be able to calculate the Shannon index for all our projects, in order to monitor the diversity of species represented on the forest plots that have been restored. This index will enable us to measure the impact generated by our projects in terms of plant biodiversity restoration, and will join a range of impact measurement tools currently being developed by Reforest'Action's Innovation & Impact Department.

![Spectral-Species-field-data.jpg](/uploads/Spectral_Species_field_data_23a1e9b997.jpg)

large_Spectral-species-canopy-from-ground.jpg

medium_Spectral-species-canopy-from-ground.jpg

small_Spectral-species-canopy-from-ground.jpg

thumbnail_Spectral-species-canopy-from-ground.jpg

Spectral-species-canopy-from-ground.jpg

Spectral species: an innovative method for monitoring plant biodiversity from space

BONNIER BOOKS UK_20240118_5.jpg

BONNIER BOOKS UK_20240118_6.png

0013X00002kIXqmQAG.jpg

BONNIER BOOKS UK_20240119_7.jpg

Encart customers.jpeg

Description customers.jpeg

BONNIER BOOKS UK_20231206_4.png

Header customers.png

At Bonnier Books UK, we believe that every book matters. We love to publish stories and content that open our eyes to new perspectives and bring us closer together. We offer a nurturing home for our authors, illustrators and brand partners, publishing bestselling books for readers and listeners everywhere. We know that fantastic stories can come from anywhere and our purpose is to bring them to as wide an audience as possible, a simple ethos that has led to us becoming one of the country’s leading publishers. The offspring of Bonnier Books, a family-owned world publisher headquartered in Sweden, we are inspired by a rich literary heritage but not bound by convention. We think in generations rather than quarters, and strive always to operate in an open, curious way that contributes to the future of the planet and its people. As a climate-neutral publisher we are an active participant in the Science Based Target initiative, committed to a strategy to limit global warming to 1.5 °C. Bonnier Books UK is a member of the Independent Publishers Guild (IPG).

BONNIER BOOKS UK

Find out more about what Bonnier Books UK is doing to turn the page on climate change here. 

Thinking in generations, not quarters

2019-2020_Agneby Tiassa_Côte d'Ivoire

2020-2021_Agneby Tiassa_Côte d'Ivoire_20230516_9.jpg

Tree planting with villagers involved in the project.

2020-2021_Agneby Tiassa_Côte d'Ivoire_20230516_2.jpeg

2020-2021_Agneby Tiassa_Côte d'Ivoire_20230516_5.JPG

2020-2021_Agneby Tiassa_Côte d'Ivoire_20230516_7.jpeg

Fraké

Petit kola

Acacia mangium

Framiré

Bois jasanga

Niangon

Acajou cédrel

Gmelina arborea

Teck

Chocolatier du Gabon

Reforest’Action is joining forces with the Ivorian company Agro-Map to support cocoa producers in the forest of Séguié in the Agnéby-Tiassa region, Ivory Coast, in the restoration of the forest and in the creation of agroforestry systems, which will make it possible to reconcile trees and crops in order to maintain a microclimate favourable to the development of agriculture. Over 120,000 are planted on 100 hectares.

The main objectives of the project are the development of agroforestry, the restoration of a classified forest, the preservation of biodiversity and the economic development of the populations. By restoring their environment: the local communities of Agnéby-Tiassa will also improve their food security.

QUALITY_EDUCATION

DECENT_WORK_AND_ECONOMIC_GROWTH

RESPONSIBLE_CONSUMPTION_AND_PRODUCTION

CLIMATE_ACTION

PARTNERSHIP_FOR_THE_GOALS

Supports human well-being, by providing resources, income, education, empowerment, and supporting culture and spirituality.

Contributes to the mitigation of the greenhouse effect and influences precipitation patterns and the local microclimate.

Preservation of local biodiversity by providing suitable habitats and resources.

Influences the quality and integrity of the soil-water system, and the cycling of water and nutrients.

Deforestation in Ivory Coast, if not halted, could lead to the total disappearance of the country's natural forest cover within the next twenty years. The 234 classified forests in the country, including the Séguié forest in the Agnéby-Tiassa region, where our project takes place, have lost more than 70% of their forest cover in half a century. This is due to extensive agriculture and cocoa production, which have gained ground on the primary Ivorian forests, and the unsustainable exploitation of these forests to meet the growing need for firewood. This loss of animal and plant biodiversity is now causing climatic changes throughout the region, in particular a reduction in rainfall and the appearance of increasingly long periods of drought, which often have a fatal effect on the crops of local communities. 

Agro-Map is an Ivorian company specialising in the development of sustainability projects in the agricultural, forestry and environmental fields. Its objective is to reconcile agriculture and forestry in order to maintain a microclimate favourable to the development of agriculture. The Agro-Map team is in constant contact with farmers and builds strong partnerships with local communities.

Reforest'Action is partnering with the Ivorian company Agro-Map to support cocoa farmers in the Séguié forest in restoring the forest and creating agroforestry systems, which will allow them to reconcile the trees with their crops. By restoring their environment, the local communities of Agnéby-Tiassa will also improve their food security and income.

2019-2020_Kindia_Guinée

2019-2020_Boffa_Guinée_20240104_7.jpg

2019-2020_Boffa_Guinée_20240104_6.jpg

2019-2020_Boffa_Guinée_20240104_5.jpg

2019-2020_Boffa_Guinée_20240104_4.jpg

2019-2020_Boffa_Guinée_20240104_3.jpg

2019-2020_Boffa_Guinée_20240104_2.jpg

2019-2020_Boffa_Guinée_20240104_1.jpg

Oranger

Anacardier

Avocatier

Palétuvier rouge

In this sensitive environmental context, Reforest’Action works in partnership with a Guinean NGO, RENASCEDD (National Network of Civil Society for Environment and Sustainable Development), to plant around 125 000 trees in the Boffa prefecture, a hundred kilometres north of Conakry.

The project helps restore degraded forests around the associated villages and develop agroforestry. Thanks to the mangroves or forest-gardens, the forest ecosystems thus recreated will offer a multitude of priceless services for the climate, nature and local populations.

NO_POVERTY

ZERO_HUNGER

AFFORDABLE_AND_CLEAN_ENERGY

SUSTAINABLE_CITIES_AND_COMMUNITIES

LIFE_BELOW_WATER

LIFE_ON_LAND

Guinea Conakry is experiencing increasing degradation of its environment and forests, posing a threat to present and future generations. Traditional agriculture, artisanal salt extraction, fish smoking, mining and the population explosion are the main causes of deforestation in rural areas. Guinea's coastal areas have also suffered greatly from mangrove deforestation, with direct consequences for the living conditions of local populations.

RENASCEDD (Réseau National de la Société Civile pour l'Environnement et le Développement Durable - National Civil Society Network for the Environment and Sustainable Development) is an NGO created in 2016 by Sekou Amadou Diakité, headquartered in Conakry, the capital of Guinea. A non-political, non-profit organization, the network brings together non-state actors working in the environmental field. It is made up of young people committed to protecting the environment and promoting sustainable development. RENASCEDD collaborates with various development partners, such as the UNDP (United Nations Development Program), the GEF (European Globalisation Adjustment Fund), Guinean administrative authorities and local elected representatives. Thanks to funding from Reforest'Action, RENASCEDD is able to deploy reforestation projects in Guinea alongside local communities.

In Guinea, the reforestation project aims to create garden forests to enable local people to harvest fruit and diversify their sources of income through agroforestry. It also aims to plant mangroves to restore coastlines and combat rising sea levels. 
In a sensitive environmental context, marked by increasing deforestation, Reforest'Action has joined forces with a Guinean NGO, RENASCEDD (Réseau National de la Société Civile pour l'Environnement et le Développement Durable - National Civil Society Network for the Environment and Sustainable Development), to plant trees.

2019-2020_La Grande Chaloupe_974 La Réunion_France

2019-2020_La Grande Chaloupe_974 La Réunion_France_20240122_5.jpg

2019-2020_La Grande Chaloupe_974 La Réunion_France_20240104.jpg

2019-2020_La Grande Chaloupe_974 La Réunion_France_20240104_1.jpg

2019-2020_La Grande Chaloupe_974 La Réunion_France_20240104_2.JPG

2019-2020_La Grande Chaloupe_974 La Réunion_France_20240104_3.JPG

2019-2020_La Grande Chaloupe_974 La Réunion_France_20240104_4.jpg

Bois noir des hauts

Foulsapate marron

Mazambron marron

Change-écorce

Bois de ronde

Bois de nèfles

Bois de balai

Affouche bâtard

Bois d'olive blanc

Zévi marron

Bois d'osto

Bois de cabri blanc

Bois de chandelle

Café marron

Bois de pintade

Chasse-vieillesse

Bois de Judas

Mahot bleu

Bois de gaulette

Bois d'huile

Olivier d'Afrique

Bois jaune

Benjouin

Mahot tantan

Latanier rouge

Bois d'arnette

Bois de senteur bleu

Bois de nèfle

Mauve de la Réunion

Bois puant

Mahot rempart

Grand natte

Bois de demoiselle

Ti natte

Bois de tisane rouge

Bois de sinte

Bois de fer bâtard

Bois de fer blanc

Liane croc de chien

Bois de lait

Bois de poivre

Liane patte poule

Patte poule

Bois rouge

Bois de sable

Bois d'effort

Bois d'éponge

Petit vacoa

Bois de fièvre

Ti mangue

Tan Georges

Bois de joli coeur

Bois d'ortie

Bois d'olive grosse peau

Bois de senteur blanc

Bois de chenilles

Bois de pêche marron

Restauration d'une forêt sèche avec des espèces endémiques à la Réunion en voie de disparition. Plantation de plante médicinales- Plantations participatives - Sensibilisation de l'importance du patrimoine de l'île - Conservation

CLEAN_WATER_AND_SANITATION

The dry forest is disappearing drastically: once present along the entire west coast of the island, it now survives only in the form of small relics, located in areas that are not easily accessible. The best-preserved remnants are to be found to the north of the island, in the ramparts of the Massif de La Montagne, not far from the village of Grande Chaloupe. This low-altitude tropical forest has a unique climate, with a long dry period from April to November followed by a short rainy season.

Carried out in collaboration with the Parc National de la Réunion and the Conservatoire du Littoral, our reforestation project on Reunion Island is led in the field by the European LIFE + Dry Forest project. The aim of this project is to protect and restore the degraded dry forest ecosystem.

2019-2020_Rondonia_Brésil

2019-2020_Rondonia_Brésil_20231222.png

2019-2020_Rondonia_Brésil_20231222_1.JPG

2019-2020_Rondonia_Brésil_20231222_2.JPG

2019-2020_Rondonia_Brésil_20231222_3.jpg

2019-2020_Rondonia_Brésil_20231222_4.JPG

2019-2020_Rondonia_Brésil_20231222_5.JPG

2019-2020_Rondonia_Brésil_20231222_6.JPG

2019-2020_Rondonia_Brésil_20231222_7.jpg

2019-2020_Rondonia_Brésil_20231222_8.jpg

Corossol épineux

Fausse tonka

Bois de Courbaril

Acajou du Honduras

Mauritia flexuosa

Schizolobium amazonicum

Hévéa

Enterolobium schomburgkii

Sterculia striata

Genipe

Savonnier américain

Cariniana estrellensis

Cacaoyer

Palmier açaï

Rocouyer

Cupuaçu

Cedrela fissilis

Carapa de Guyane

Noix du Brésil

Bactris gasipaes

Reforest'Action is partnering with Rioterra, to implement a reforestation project in the State of Rondônia, in the southwest of the Brazilian Amazon. This state is part of the “deforestation arc” formed by vast territories where the agricultural frontier and deforestation have greatly increased in recent decades. The aim of this project is to restaure forest reserves by the creation of fruit forests. The project also aims to carry out environmental awareness and education programs among local and traditional populations

GOOD_HEALTH_AND_WELL_BEING

The Amazon rainforest, one of the world's three largest primary rainforests, is also one of the hardest hit by deforestation, with 400 million trees disappearing every year. The main cause is industrial agriculture, which accounts for two-thirds of deforestation in South America. Brazil, the world's largest soya producer, has converted 18% of its forest ecosystems since 1970 to cattle breeding and soya crops, through clear-cutting and burning. Our reforestation project, driven on the ground by our partner Rioterra, is located in the State of Rondônia, in the southwest of the Brazilian Amazon, which is part of the “deforestation arc” formed by vast territories where the agricultural frontier and deforestation have greatly increased in recent decades.

The Center for Cultural and Environmental Studies of the Amazon Region Rioterra is an NGO founded in 1999, whose aim is to propose a development model for the Amazon region which combines conservation, sustainability and improved quality of life for local populations. Their mission: to defend the identity of the Amazon rainforest, promote culture and the sustainable use of the environment, and contribute to a fair, democratic and participatory society. Rioterra coordinates the implementation of our project in the field and monitors the planted trees through visits by their experts and drone images. A technical representative from the NGO visits the site once a month for the first six months, and every three months thereafter, to ensure that the trees are growing well, and that the planted forests are sustainable.

Reforest'Action is partnering with Rioterra, to implement a reforestation project in the State of Rondônia, the fourth most deforested region in the Amazon. Spread over three years, the project aims to recover the original Amazonian Forest landscape and to promote the preservation of the Amazonian biodiversity, in addition to generating income for the neighboring population that fully participates in the project. Between 2019 and 2020, the aim of the project's first year of implementation is to reduce deforestation through agroforestry. Working with communities, the NGO Rioterra succeeded in convincing native farmers and families of the need to integrate diverse forest and fruit species into their farmland. 

This reforestation initiative is intended to support the essential efforts to reduce deforestation, to which every state, organization and citizen must contribute, in particular by taking action against imported deforestation.

2019-2020_Sumatra_Indonésie

2018-2019_Sumatra_Indonésie_20240122_17.jpg

2018-2019_Sumatra_Indonésie_20240122_16.jpg

2018-2019_Sumatra_Indonésie_20240122_15.jpg

2018-2019_Sumatra_Indonésie_20240122_14.jpg

2018-2019_Sumatra_Indonésie_20240122_13.jpg

2018-2019_Sumatra_Indonésie_20240122_12.jpg

2018-2019_Sumatra_Indonésie_20240122_11.jpg

2018-2019_Sumatra_Indonésie_20240122_10.JPG

2018-2019_Sumatra_Indonésie_20240122_9.jpg

2018-2019_Sumatra_Indonésie_20240122_8.jpg

2018-2019_Sumatra_Indonésie_20240122_7.jpg

2018-2019_Sumatra_Indonésie_20240122_6.jpg

2018-2019_Sumatra_Indonésie_20240110_5.jpg

Since 2017, Reforest’Action is partnering with Yagasu, an Indonesian NGO, to work concretely on the restoration of this unique biodiversity hotspot, essential to the protection of the island’s coastlines. The objectives of the action correspond to the identified problems or real needs of the coastal community. Restoring mangroves as a nature-based solution strategy could make communities more resilient to environmental changes and improve their social-economic capacity. By working with local communities, this project aimed to restore severely degraded sites, control abrasion and reduce the tsunami's impact to improve the community’s agility in climate change mitigation. This project also increased the commitment of the local communities to protecting mangroves through group formation, policy initiative development, and environmental awareness education.

Bénéfices estimés des arbres plantés ou préservés

Thinking in generations, not quarters

Actualités de Reforest'Action

Projects monitoring in Europe: a rigorous process for assessing the health of restored ecosystems

Monitoring biodiversity to better preserve it: Reforest'Action's expertise at the service of The Global Biodiversity Standard

Spectral species: an innovative method for monitoring plant biodiversity from space